These were prone to jams that could cause damage and required constant maintenance. : 395–396 Box Flumes Įarly logging flumes were square wooden chutes known as box flumes.
The steeper the grade the more gradual the curves had to be, or else lumber would jam or go over the sides. Sometimes grades of up to 75 percent were used on short stretches. Three percent was ideal for a straight flume. Some trestles achieved staggering heights to maintain a desirable grade. Other times, round timber trestles of 8 inches (20 cm) to 12 inches (30 cm) diameter were cut and finished from along the route.
Log flume ride physics portable#
Square lumber was often provided by a temporary, portable sawmill erected at the head of the flume. But reports suggest that falls resulted in many injuries and deaths. Occupational fatality statistics are unavailable. Working on the flume was a dangerous job. One low man handled and sent up the lumber. On trestles, four worked aloft continuously. Construction crews included six to eight workers. Flume boxes and trestles were built onsite. Unlike railroad construction, this required lumber and supplies to be carried in by hand. : 394įlume sites were mostly in rough, undeveloped wilderness. The main disadvantage of the light construction was they were damaged more easily by fire, floods, wind, and falling timber. And they took up less space, fitting inside narrower canyons where there wasn’t room for a railroad. They could span gulches using much lighter trestles. However, flumes had several advantages to logging railroads in steep terrain. įlume routes were surveyed by engineers using the same methods as a railroad survey. The high trestle on the Sanger Flume was over 300 feet (91 m) tall. Feeder troughs resupply water on long routes.
Log flume ride physics free#
Flume boxes are built tight with lumber free of knots to prevent leaks. : 16 The head directs the flow of water into the top of the flume.
Often, a log pond or artificial reservoir serves this purpose. Log flumes need a steady supply of water. Soon, log flumes spread across the mountains of the western United States as artificial rivers that brought lumber to market. The 15 miles (24 km) route was between Lake Tahoe and Reno, terminating at the Virginia and Truckee Railroad terminus in Washoe Valley. The v-shaped trough brought a half-million feet of lumber daily from the eastern Sierra Nevada to the Comstock Lode. Haines built the first successful lumber flume in 1859. Today, log flumes remain in the popular imagination as amusement park rides. The logging truck replaced both the logging railroad and the flume after WWII. They could span long distances across chasms with more lightweight trestles.įlumes remained in widespread use through the early 20th century. Flumes were cheaper to build and operate than logging railroads. Logging operations preferred flumes whenever a reliable source of water was available. Flumes replaced horse- or oxen-drawn carriages on dangerous mountain trails in the late 19th century. The platform is stationary, whereas the ground rotates.A sawmill with log flume, Cascade Range, USAĪ log flume is a watertight flume constructed to transport lumber and logs down mountainous terrain using flowing water. You step onto a slowly rotating platform, but may have the impression that X) slightly more than R/2 over the highest point of the loopĢ) about 2R above the highest point of the loopĪs you exit a water ride, such as the Log Flume ride at Alton Towers, In order to experience weightlessness at the top, the coaster train must startġ) somewhat higher than the top of the loop The experience of the body as you ride through the loop depends, of course, on the speed. (Why?) Let R denote the radius of curvature at the top. Note how the radius of curvature increases as you Which of the figures resembles most the motion of a rider?įind a coaster with a loop. In the classical TEACUP ride, the floor moves clockwise, whereas the "trays" with the cups on move counterclockwise, with a somewhatlarger angular velocity. that is the same as the angle for the loaded swings that is larger than the angle for the loaded swingsĢ). that is smaller than the angle for the loaded swings You watch the WAVESWINGER start, and note that a few of the swings are empty.ġ). X) The water level remains parallel to the seatĢ) The water level will move away from the center, more than the seat Ride starts and the swings start to hang out? Of the roller coaster train move with the same speed at any given timeįor the WAVESWINGER ride, you have been allowed to take along a Which seat in the train lets you experience You love feeling heavy at the bottom of a Science in the amusement park Science in the Amusement Park
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